AACENDIKIA: Journal of Nursing

The Relationship of Parents' Role in Social-Emotional Development with Preschool Children's Learning Concentration

Yuliatil Adawiyah Harahap — 2025-07-31

Education plays a fundamental role in shaping children's character and developing their potential. Concentration in learning is a key factor influencing children's ability to absorb information and understand learning materials. Parents who provide limited emotional guidance or have insufficient awareness of their role may negatively affect their children's social-emotional development and learning concentration. This study aimed to examine the relationship between parents' role in social-emotional development and preschool children's learning concentration at MDA Fatimaturridha Medan. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 55 parents and preschool children selected through random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with Fisher's Exact test. The results showed that most parents had a low role in supporting children's social-emotional development (49.0%), while most children had low learning concentration (45.4%). Fisher's Exact test revealed a significant relationship between parents' role and children's learning concentration (p = 0.016). The findings indicate that greater parental involvement in supporting children's social-emotional development is associated with better learning concentration. Strengthening parents' awareness and active participation in creating a supportive emotional and learning environment at home may help improve preschool children's learning concentration.

The Effectiveness of Peppermint Aromatherapy for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester

Shinta Ayu Retnawati — 2026-07-31

Nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are common symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy due to hormonal changes, particularly increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, and progesterone. These symptoms may interfere with daily activities, reduce nutritional intake, and impair maternal quality of life. Peppermint aromatherapy, which contains menthol with antiemetic and relaxing properties, is a potential non-pharmacological intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting among first-trimester pregnant women. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed involving 30 participants, equally assigned to intervention and control groups. Nausea and vomiting were assessed before and after the intervention using a standardized measurement scale. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in mean nausea and vomiting scores from 2.13 to 1.07 (p = 0.001), whereas the control group showed no significant change (2.07 to 1.93; p = 0.414). A significant difference was also observed between groups (Z = −3.089; p = 0.002). Peppermint aromatherapy effectively reduced nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women and may serve as a safe complementary therapy.

Implementation of a Combination of Insulin Therapy and Foot Exercises on Lowering Blood Glucose in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Wahyu Setiyawan — 2026-07-31

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin production or impaired insulin utilization. Blood glucose can be managed through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Combining insulin therapy with diabetic foot exercises may improve insulin sensitivity and peripheral blood circulation, thereby helping to reduce blood glucose levels. This study aimed to describe the implementation of combined insulin therapy and diabetic foot exercises in patients with diabetes mellitus at Dr. Adjidarmo General Hospital, Rangkasbitung. A case study design was conducted involving two patients with diabetes mellitus over a three-day observation period. Data were collected through interviews, physical examinations, observations, blood glucose measurements, and documentation. Following the combined intervention for 3 × 24 hours, both patients experienced reductions in blood glucose levels accompanied by improvements in hyperglycemic symptoms, including dizziness, weakness, excessive thirst, and polyuria. These findings suggest that combining insulin therapy with diabetic foot exercises may contribute to improved short-term glycemic control. Nurses play an essential role in providing health education, encouraging treatment adherence, promoting regular foot exercises, and supporting healthy lifestyle practices to maintain blood glucose control and prevent diabetes-related complications.

Analysis of The Temporal Trend of Diabetes Mellitus Mortality In Indonesia In 2000–2021: A Study Based on WHO Global Health Observatory Data

Sindu Krisna — 2026-07-31

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is one of the leading non-communicable diseases contributing significantly to global mortality, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of diabetes mellitus mortality in Indonesia based on data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory during the period 2000–2021. This quantitative study employed a retrospective ecological design using secondary data obtained from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory. The analysis was based on the Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) per 100,000 population and conducted using descriptive time-series analysis, descriptive statistics, and trend visualization. The results showed that the ASMR increased from 15.62 per 100,000 population in 2000 to 23.40 in 2019 before declining to 22.80 in 2020 and 21.04 in 2021. Overall, the findings indicate an increasing temporal trend in diabetes mellitus mortality during the 2000–2021 observation period. In conclusion, the mortality trend of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia still demonstrates an overall increasing pattern over time. Therefore, strengthening Medical-Surgical Nursing interventions focusing on promotive and preventive strategies, patient education, and self-management support is essential to reduce complications and mortality risk.

Analysis of The Effect of Sleep Quality and Nutritional Intake on Toddlers' Weight Growth After Appetite Massage Intervention

Yuriati Putri — 2026-07-31

Toddler weight gain is influenced by multiple factors, particularly nutritional intake and sleep quality. Although appetite-stimulating massage may improve comfort and appetite, its effectiveness depends on adequate nutrition and sufficient sleep. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sleep quality and nutritional intake on toddler weight gain following an appetite-stimulating massage intervention. An observational analytic study with a prospective cohort design was conducted among 30 toddlers selected through total sampling. The intervention consisted of a 15–20-minute appetite-stimulating massage administered twice weekly for eight weeks. Sleep quality was assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), nutritional intake was evaluated through two-day 24-hour dietary recalls analyzed with NutriSurvey based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), and body weight was measured before and after the intervention. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep quality and nutritional intake jointly had a significant effect on toddler weight gain (F = 22.134; p = 0.001). The model explained 59.5% of the variance in weight gain (Adjusted R² = 0.595). Nutritional intake was the strongest predictor (β = 0.485), followed by sleep quality (β = 0.372). These findings indicate that adequate nutritional intake and good sleep quality significantly enhance toddler weight gain following appetite-stimulating massage, with nutritional intake being the most influential factor.

Association of Maternal Age, Parity, and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding with Breast Engorgement Among Postpartum Women at Bayiku Lactation Clinic, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Mona Jatilia — 2026-07-31

Breast engorgement is a common lactation problem in postpartum mothers and can hinder the breastfeeding process and increase the risk of exclusive breastfeeding failure. Factors associated with breast engorgement include maternal age, parity, and implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation. The study aims to determine the correlation between maternal age, parity, and implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation with the incidence of breast engorgement in postpartum mothers at Bayiku Lactation Clinic, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Quantitative research with descriptive analytical design using a cross-sectional approach was employed as the research method. A sample of 33 postpartum mothers was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using factual questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. A total of 42.4% of respondents experienced breast engorgement. There was a significant correlation between maternal age and the incidence of breast engorgement (p=0.038; r=-0.363), parity (p=0.009; r=0.448), and Early Breastfeeding Initiation (p=0.000; r=0.694). The Early Breastfeeding Initiation variable showed the strongest correlation with the incidence of breast milk engorgement. There is a significant correlation between maternal age, parity, and implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation with the incidence of breast milk engorgement in postpartum mothers, and Early Breastfeeding Initiation becomes the factor with the strongest correlation. Optimizing Early Breastfeeding Initiation implementation and lactation education is recommended as an effort to prevent breast milk engorgement.

Analysis of The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and The Incidence of Hypertension at Productive Age in The Working Area of The Tamalanrea Health Center

Maryam Jamaluddin — 2026-07-31

Hypertension is a major global public health problem and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although commonly associated with older adults, its prevalence has increased among individuals of productive age due to unhealthy lifestyles, including poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and inadequate sleep. Poor sleep quality has emerged as a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and hypertension among adults of productive age using a quantitative cross-sectional design. Data were analyzed to assess the association between sleep quality and hypertension status. The results showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and hypertension (p = 0.001), indicating that individuals with poor sleep quality were more likely to experience hypertension. These findings are consistent with previous studies reporting an increasing prevalence of hypertension among younger and productive-age populations, partly attributable to insufficient sleep and late-night gadget use. High work demands and busy daily routines may contribute to impaired sleep quality, thereby increasing the risk of hypertension. In conclusion, poor sleep quality is significantly associated with hypertension among productive-age adults, highlighting the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits as part of hypertension prevention strategies.